As there is entry of a new member to our family, we all specially parents create an image in their mind that our baby will be like that but we should keep in mind that different child has it's own nature. you should not compare your child with any other child. You can not force him/her to be like any other child.
Parents need to keep a lot of patient during the development of child. Child development period includes different stages and along change of stage child's behavior, preferences, like dislike, nature everything changes. So parents should keep an eye on the child as well as need to learn how to handle the child. This can be possible only if parents know about needs of the child.
A stander definition of child development is
"Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy."
Physical and Language |
Emotional |
Social | |
| Birth
to 1 month | Feedings: 5-8 per day
Capacities: makes basic distinctions like smelling, tasting, touch, vision hearing, temperature & perception of pain Sleep: 20 hrs per day | Generalized Tension | Totally Depends on mother for all needs |
| 2 months
to 3 months | Sensory Capacities: visual exploration, color perception, oral exploration.
Sounds: coos, cries, grunts Motor Ability: lifts head when on stomach, control of eye muscles, Delight | Distress | Visualize the faces of persons frequently visit, smiles at a face, may be soothed by rocking. |
| 4 months
to 6 months | Sensory Capacities: localizes sounds
Sounds: babbling, makes most vowels and about half of the consonants Feedings: 3-5 per day Motor Ability: purposive grasping, control of body movements, rolls over. | Enjoys being cuddled | Recognizes his/her mother by visuals and voice. Distinguishes between familiar persons and strangers, no longer smiles indiscriminately. Demands dressing,feeding and bathing. |
| 7 months
to 9 months | Motor Ability: control of trunk and hands, sits without support, Try to crawl, want to catch near about items. | Shows emotions in the form of attachment to mother. | Cry loudly on separation from mother. Enjoys “peek-a-boo” |
| 10 months
to 12 months | Motor Ability: Have more control on bodyparts, Try to stands,Movement of thumb and fingers.
Language: copies sounds, says few words, follows single instructions. Feedings: 3 meals, 2 snacks Sleep: 12 hours, 2 naps | AffectionFear of strangersCuriosity, exploration | Responds to own name.Wave bye-bye.Understands "No, Yes, Good Boy/Girl, exchanges objects. |
| 1 years
to 1 ½ years | Motor Ability: Try to write, walks for few min, goes up stairs. Dependent Behavior | Very upset when separated
from family members specially from mother, Fear of Bath | Obeys limited commands.Repeats words.Interested in mirror image. Try to feeds himself. |
| 1 ½ years
to 2 years | Motor Ability: Kicks to objects or a ball, Capable of handling toys with keys
Language: Knows around 200 words Sleep: full night and 1-2 hr nap in day time | Temper tantrums
(1-3yrs) | Want to do most of the work on his own. |
| 2 years
to 3 years | Motor Ability: jumps off the objects, rides a tricycle, uses crayons by himself.
Language: make short sentences by himself, have more commend to language, stuttering may appear briefly. | Violent emotions, shows sense of humor, create different facial expressions, shows anger , sorrow well as joy. | Talks about himself, Copies elders' actions.more possessive about own stuff, enjoys company of another child.Resists some commands.Gives orders to everyone.Rigid to daily routine. Not able to take decisions. |
| 3 years
to 4 years | Motor Ability: Does different physical activities, does homework by itself also draws different shapes in drawing book. | Can do most of routines works. Connected to parents.Pleasure in genital manipulation, shows Jealousy, friendship. Create imaginary fears of dark, injury, etc. | Likes to share toys, food and other stuff. want to play in group of children. Have intense curiosity about different facts, interested in other children’s stuff.Make idol to any famous person |
| 4 years
to 5 years | Motor ability: Do the things on his own way, thinks teacher do always right, dress-up by itself.
Language: Speaks clearly, try to copy adults, relates a story, have knowledge around 2,000 words | Understand Responsibility and feels guilt also | During play becomes competitive, plays in team, don't want to defeat in games. |
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